LL-37

Cathelicidin fragment
infection defense
immune balance
infection recovery
inflammation
tissue repair
gut healing
skin health
The body's own antimicrobial peptide, cut from cathelicidin. It kills pathogens outright and then tells the immune system what to do next.
Goal profile
IMMUNITY
3/4 axes
RECOVERY
3/6 axes
BEAUTY
1/3 axes

Evidence

1995
first described
2,555
indexed studies
How strong the evidence is
Animal data
Your own body makes it, which guarantees nothing at pharmacological doses. Human data amounts to a few small wound-healing studies.
Highest study design
animal outcomes
Human studies
3
Replication
one group only
Regulatory status
not approved anywhere
Last reviewed
2026-08-14
The bar is derived from these five facts, not set by hand. Human study counts follow the weekly PubMed refresh; the rest change only when a trial is published or a regulator acts.
How strong the effect is
strength 2 of 5 · weight 0.24
Noticeable but modest
Small wound-healing studies.
What's unique
It kills pathogens outright rather than nudging the immune system into doing it.
Unexpected positive evidence
Wound-healing and vessel-formation effects turned up in work designed to measure bacterial killing.

Benefits

broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and biofilms
Infection defense · from week 2
disruption of biofilm architecture where antibiotics stall
Infection defense · from week 2
immune signalling that recruits neutrophils and monocytes to infection
Immune balance · from week 6
wound healing accelerated through angiogenesis and re-epithelialisation
Infection recovery · from week 4
inflammation modulated rather than blanket-suppressed
Infection defense · from week 2
support for skin and mucosal defence against recurring infection
Infection defense · from week 2

Timeline

Days 1–7
Short courses only. Injection-site inflammation is common and can be marked. Any antimicrobial effect is happening now, during the course.
Days 7–14
The usual course length. Stubborn skin and soft-tissue infections respond within this window if they are going to respond at all.
Weeks 2–4
Barrier and wound-healing effects continue briefly after the course ends. Extending the course is not the answer — the cytotoxicity window is narrow.
Post-cycle
Antimicrobial activity ends with the last dose. Barrier gains fade over two to three weeks.

Risks

Short-term
Injection-site inflammation is common and can be marked; histamine release causes flushing.
Long-term
At high concentration it is cytotoxic to human cells too. The window is narrow and unmapped in humans.
Tolerance & withdrawal
None described. Short courses are the convention.

Dosing

Dose
100–300 mcg per injection
Most stay at 100–200 mcg; the top of the range belongs to stubborn local infections.
Route
Subcutaneous — near the affected area where practical
Close to the affected area where it makes sense; systemic otherwise.
Timing
Evening
Timing has no evidence behind it; consistency matters more than the hour.
Frequency
Daily
The course is short enough that skipping days undercuts the point of running it.
Cycle
2–4 weeks
It is aimed at something specific, so the course ends when that thing does.
Duration
Short courses
Short and targeted — an antimicrobial course, not a daily immune habit.

Forms

injectable
~100%
+ Full dose delivered; nothing lost to first-pass
− Daily needles, sites, sharps disposal
Refrigerate 2–8 °C after reconstitution
topical
Local only
+ Acts where you put it
− No systemic effect worth counting on
Room temperature, away from light

Sources

2,555 indexed papers in the source catalog snapshot; not a live PubMed count
Catalog evidence category: preclinical. This is an editorial classification, not a clinical review.
Community anecdotes do not establish safety or efficacy.
Primary regulatory sources are linked below; clinical literature has not been independently reviewed for this FAQ.
FAQ

LL-37 (Cathelicidin fragment) is a cathelicidin peptide (37 amino acids). The HEIVE catalog describes it as: The body's own antimicrobial peptide, cut from cathelicidin. It kills pathogens outright and then tells the immune system what to do next. It is also known as Cathelicidin and CAP-18.

Regulatory sources checked: . Source verification only; no clinician review is claimed.

Goals

Educational reference. Figures are illustrative and not a prescription, protocol, or medical advice.

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